Understanding and Managing Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Patients


Understanding and Managing Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Patients

As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, incontinence of the bladder and bowels often becomes a common challenge, particularly during the middle and late stages of the disease. There are many causes for incontinence, and understanding them can help caregivers manage the condition while maintaining the dignity of their loved ones.

Causes of Incontinence in Alzheimer’s Patients

Incontinence in Alzheimer’s patients can result from several factors, including:

  • Difficulty recognizing the need to use the restroom
  • Forgetting where the bathroom is
  • Side effects from medication

Identifying the cause is the first step in managing the condition. Caregivers should consult a physician to determine if medical issues such as a urinary tract infection, prostate problems, diabetes, or physical disabilities are contributing to the incontinence. Some medications, such as sleeping pills and anxiety-reducing drugs, can also relax bladder muscles and lead to accidents. Even drinks like coffee or tea, which act as diuretics, can increase urination.

Managing the Environment and Clothing

Environmental factors and clothing can play a significant role in managing incontinence. Ensure that:

  • The bathroom is easy to locate with a clear path that is well lit.
  • The bathroom door is marked with a picture of a toilet or painted in a color that contrasts with the wall.
  • Clothing is easy to remove and put back on, making it simpler for the person to use the restroom.

Hydration and Fluids

While it might seem tempting to limit fluid intake to avoid accidents, this can lead to dehydration, which may cause urinary tract infections and increase incontinence. Instead, monitor fluids, especially in the evening, and limit beverages like cola, coffee, and tea that can stimulate urination.

Tips for Managing Incontinence

Although incontinence typically occurs in the later stages of Alzheimer’s, every situation is unique. Here are some helpful strategies for caregivers:

  1. Preserve Dignity: Accidents can be embarrassing. For instance, say, “Anyone can have an accident,” rather than making the person feel guilty.
  2. Communicate Clearly: Encourage your loved one to tell you when they need to use the restroom, and watch for nonverbal cues such as restlessness or pacing. Use regular, adult language when discussing bathroom needs, and learn any specific phrases or behaviors they may use to signal the need to go.
  3. Create Bathroom Routines: Setting a regular schedule for bathroom use—such as every two hours or after meals—can reduce the likelihood of accidents. Keeping the bathroom door open and ensuring the toilet is easily visible can also help.
  4. Provide Assistance: If needed, assist with wiping and flushing the toilet to maintain cleanliness. Regularly wash sensitive skin areas to prevent irritation.
  5. Plan Ahead for Accidents: Identify when accidents typically occur and plan around them by prompting bathroom use beforehand. When away from home, padded undergarments or adult briefs can be useful.
  6. Innovative Solutions: Portable commodes or urinals in the bedroom, waterproof mattress covers, and incontinence pads can help prevent accidents from causing distress or discomfort at night.

Support for Caregivers

Incontinence can be a challenging aspect of caregiving, but there are resources available to help. The Alzheimer’s Association offers support through their helpline (800-272-3900) and ALZConnected, an online community where caregivers share tips and advice for managing incontinence and other challenges.

By understanding the causes and implementing effective strategies, caregivers can help those living with Alzheimer’s maintain a sense of dignity while managing the progression of the disease.

Contact: Lionell Martin, Public Relations Manager, Alzheimer’s Association, lrmartin@alz.org, 773.593. 4211

About the Alzheimer’s Association - Illinois Chapter:
The Alzheimer’s Association offers a 24/7 Helpline (800.272.3900) is available 365 days a year. Through this free service, specialists and master’s-level clinicians offer confidential support and information to people living with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. For more information about Alzheimer's disease or the Alzheimer's Association Illinois Chapter, visit alz.org/illinois or call (800) 272-3900. For the latest news and updates, follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

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